12: Quotations and Dialogue
- Scope of this chapter—and where else to look
- Quotations and modern scholarship
- Giving credit and seeking permission
- When to paraphrase rather than quote
- When quotation and attribution is unnecessary
- Ensuring accuracy of quotations
- Permissible changes to punctuation, capitalization, and spelling
- Permissible changes to typography and layout
- Run-in and block quotations defined
- Choosing between run-in and block quotations
- Logical and grammatical assimilation of quoted text
- Integrating tenses and pronouns from quoted text
- Punctuation relative to closing quotation marks
- Comma to introduce a quotation
- No comma to introduce a quotation
- Colon to introduce a quotation
- Period rather than colon to introduce a block quotation
- Changing capitalization to suit syntax—an overview
- Initial capital or lowercase—run-in quotations
- Initial capital or lowercase—block quotations
- Brackets to indicate a change in capitalization
- Block quotations of more than one paragraph
- Block quotations beginning in text
- Text following a block quotation or extract
- Setting off poetry
- Uniform indents for poetry
- Long lines and runovers in poetry
- Quotation marks in poems
- Run-in poetry quotations
- Quotations and “quotes within quotes”
- Quotation marks in block quotations
- Quotation marks across paragraphs
- Quoting more than one stanza of poetry
- Quoting letters in their entirety
- Epigraphs
- Decorative initials (“drop caps” and raised initials)
- Maxims, questions, and the like
- Publicity reviews and blurbs
- Fictional dialogue versus other forms of direct quotation
- Quotation marks for dialogue
- Speaker tags
- Interrupted speech
- Faltering speech and incomplete thoughts
- Stuttering and the like
- Dialogue across multiple paragraphs
- Quotations within dialogue
- Single-word speech
- Alternatives to quotation marks for dialogue
- Unspoken discourse
- Formatting text messages and the like as dialogue
- Numerals and abbreviations in quoted speech and dialogue
- Parentheses in dialogue
- Indirect discourse
- Drama
- Shared lines and runover lines in verse drama
- Discussions and interviews
- Interviews transcribed by authors
- Case studies and ethnographic field notes
- Ellipses defined
- Danger of skewing meaning with ellipses
- When not to use an ellipsis
- Ellipses with periods
- Ellipses with other punctuation
- Ellipses at the ends of deliberately incomplete sentences
- Ellipses for the omission of whole or partial paragraphs
- Ellipses in poetry and verse drama
- Bracketed ellipses
- Spaced periods versus the ellipsis character
- Ellipses in mathematical expressions
- Missing or illegible words
- Bracketed clarifications
- “Sic”
- “Italics added”
- Interpolations requiring quotation marks
- Use of parentheses with in-text citations
- Full in-text citation
- Shortened citations or “ibid.” with subsequent in-text citations
- Frequent reference to a single source cited in a note
- Punctuation following source of run-in quotation
- Punctuation preceding source of run-in quotation
- Parenthetical source following a block quotation
- Parenthetical citations with poetry extracts
- Shortened references to poetry extracts