14: Source Citations: Examples
- Overview
- 14.1Notes and bibliography as the default citation system for this chapter
- Books
- 14.2Elements to include when citing a book
- 14.3Form of author’s name and title of book in source citations
- 14.4Non-English bibliographic terms and abbreviations
- Editors, Translators, Compilers, or Cowriters
- 14.5Editor in place of author
- 14.6Editor or translator in addition to author
- 14.7Other contributors listed on the title page
- Chapters or Other Parts of a Book
- 14.8Chapter in a single-author book
- 14.9Contribution to a multiauthor book
- 14.10Several contributions to the same multiauthor book
- 14.11Book-length work within a book
- 14.12Introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like
- 14.13Letters in published collections
- 14.14Online-only supplement to a book
- Edition
- 14.15Editions other than the first
- 14.16Reprint editions and modern editions
- 14.17Microform editions
- Multivolume Works
- 14.18Volume numbers and page numbers
- 14.19Citing a multivolume work as a whole
- 14.20Citing a particular volume in a note
- 14.21Citing a particular volume in a bibliography
- 14.22Chapters and other parts of individual volumes
- 14.23One volume in two or more books
- 14.24Authors and editors of multivolume works
- Series
- 14.25Series titles, numbers, and editors
- 14.26Series or multivolume work?
- 14.27Multivolume work within a series
- 14.28“Old series” and “new series”
- Facts of Publication
- 14.29Publisher and date
- Place of Publication
- 14.30Place of publication
- 14.31Place and date only, for books published before 1900
- Publisher’s Name
- 14.32Preferred form of publisher’s name
- 14.33Abbreviations and omissible parts of a publisher’s name
- 14.34“And” or ampersand in publisher’s name
- 14.35Non-English publishers’ names
- 14.36Self-published or privately published books
- 14.37Parent companies, imprints, and such
- 14.38Special academic imprints and joint imprints
- 14.39Copublication
- 14.40Distributed books
- Date of Publication
- 14.41Publication date—general
- 14.42New impressions and renewal of copyright
- 14.43Multivolume works published over more than one year
- 14.44No date of publication
- 14.45Forthcoming publications
- Page, Volume, and Other Locating Information
- 14.46Arabic versus Roman numerals
- 14.47Citing a range of page numbers or other specific locators
- 14.48Page references with “ff.” and “passim”
- 14.49Abbreviations for “page,” “volume,” and so on
- 14.50When to omit “p.” and “pp.”
- 14.51When to omit “vol.”
- 14.52Page and chapter numbers
- 14.53Signed signatures
- 14.54Numbered leaves, or folios
- 14.55Line numbers
- 14.56Citing numbered notes
- 14.57Citing illustrations and tables
- Electronic Books
- 14.58Downloadable ebook formats and audiobooks
- 14.59Page numbers in ebooks
- 14.60Books consulted online
- 14.61Freely available electronic editions of older works
- 14.62Books on CD-ROM and other fixed media
- Periodicals
- 14.63“Periodicals” defined
- 14.64Information to be included
- 14.65Journals versus magazines
- 14.66Basic structure of a periodical citation
- Journals
- 14.67Journal article—author’s name
- 14.68Journal article—title
- 14.69Title of journal
- 14.70Journal volume, issue, and date
- 14.71Journal page references
- 14.72URLs for journal articles
- 14.73Access dates for journal articles
- 14.74Article page numbers in relation to volume or issue numbers
- 14.75Ahead-of-print and forthcoming articles
- 14.76Journal article preprints
- 14.77Journal special issues
- 14.78Journal supplements
- 14.79Articles published in installments
- 14.80Article appearing in two publications
- 14.81Place where journal is published
- 14.82Translated or edited article
- 14.83New series for journal volumes
- 14.84Short titles for articles
- 14.85Abstracts
- 14.86Electronic supplements or enhancements to journal articles
- Magazines
- 14.87Basic citation format for magazine articles
- 14.88Magazine departments
- Newspapers and News Sites
- 14.89Basic citation format for news articles
- 14.90Newspaper headlines
- 14.91Titles of newspapers
- 14.92Non-English titles of newspapers
- 14.93Regular columns or features
- 14.94Letters to the editor and readers’ comments
- 14.95Weekend supplements, magazines, and the like
- 14.96Citing a newspaper article in text rather than in a bibliography
- 14.97Unsigned newspaper articles
- 14.98News services and news releases
- Reviews
- 14.99Basic citation format for reviews
- 14.100Book reviews
- 14.101Reviews of plays, movies, and the like
- 14.102Unsigned reviews
- Websites, Blogs, and Social Media
- 14.103Titles for websites, blogs, and social media
- 14.104Citing web pages and websites
- 14.105Citing blog posts and blogs
- 14.106Citing social media content
- 14.107Electronic mailing lists and forums
- Interviews and Personal Communications
- 14.108Unpublished interviews
- 14.109Unattributed interviews
- 14.110Published or broadcast interviews
- 14.111Personal communications
- 14.112Citing AI-generated content
- Papers, Contracts, and Reports
- 14.113Theses and dissertations
- 14.114Unpublished manuscripts
- 14.115Papers or posters presented at meetings
- 14.116Working papers and the like
- 14.117Pamphlets, reports, and the like
- 14.118Private contracts, wills, and such
- Manuscript Collections
- 14.119Overview and additional resources
- 14.120Note forms versus bibliography entries
- 14.121Specific versus generic titles for manuscript collections
- 14.122Dates for manuscript collections
- 14.123Folios, page numbers, and such for manuscript collections
- 14.124“Papers” and “manuscripts”
- 14.125Location of depositories
- 14.126Collections of letters and the like
- 14.127Examples of note forms for manuscript collections
- 14.128Examples of bibliography entries for manuscript collections
- 14.129Letters and the like in private collections
- Special Types of References
- Reference Works
- 14.130Reference works consulted in physical formats
- 14.131Reference works consulted online
- 14.132Citing individual reference entries by author
- Artwork and Illustrations
- 14.133Citing paintings, photographs, and sculpture
- 14.134Citing exhibition catalogs
- 14.135Citing maps
- Indigenous Sources
- 14.136Citing secondary sources of Indigenous knowledge
- 14.137Citing Indigenous sources of knowledge directly
- Scriptural References
- 14.138Biblical references—additional resource
- 14.139Bible chapter and verse
- 14.140Versions of the Bible
- 14.141Other sacred works
- Classical Greek and Latin References
- 14.142Where to cite classical references
- 14.143Identifying numbers in classical references
- 14.144Abbreviations in classical references
- 14.145Punctuation in classical references
- 14.146Citing specific editions of classical references
- 14.147Titles of classical works and collections
- 14.148Superscripts in classical references
- 14.149Collections of inscriptions
- 14.150Fragments of classical texts
- 14.151Modern editions of the classics
- 14.152Medieval references
- Classic English Poems and Plays
- 14.153Citing editions of classic English poems and plays
- 14.154Short forms for citing classic English poems and plays
- Musical Scores
- 14.155Published scores
- 14.156Unpublished scores
- Databases
- 14.157Citing databases and datasets
- Patents and Standards
- 14.158Patents
- 14.159Standards
- Citations Taken from Secondary Sources
- 14.160Citations taken from secondary sources
- Multimedia
- 14.161Multimedia—elements of the citation
- 14.162Discographies, filmographies, and the like
- Recordings and Live Performances
- 14.163Musical recordings
- 14.164Recorded readings, lectures, and the like
- 14.165Video and film recordings
- 14.166Live performances
- Videos, Podcasts, and Apps
- 14.167Online videos
- 14.168Podcasts
- 14.169Video games and other apps
- Legal and Public Documents
- 14.170Recommended stylebooks
- 14.171Legal and public documents online
- 14.172Note form for legal-style citations
- 14.173Typefaces in legal-style citations
- 14.174Page numbers and other locators in legal-style citations
- 14.175Abbreviations in legal-style citations
- 14.176Short forms for legal-style citations
- Cases and Court Decisions
- 14.177Cases and court decisions—basic elements
- 14.178United States Supreme Court decisions
- 14.179Lower federal-court decisions
- 14.180State- and local-court decisions
- Constitutions
- 14.181Constitutions
- Legislative and Executive Documents
- 14.182Legislative documents—abbreviations
- 14.183Laws and statutes
- 14.184Bills and resolutions
- 14.185Hearings
- 14.186Congressional reports and documents
- 14.187Congressional debates since 1873
- 14.188Records of congressional debates before 1873
- 14.189State laws and municipal ordinances
- 14.190Presidential documents
- 14.191Treaties
- 14.192Secondary sources and freestanding publications
- 14.193Unpublished documents in US archives
- Canada
- 14.194Canadian reference works
- 14.195Canadian legal cases
- 14.196Canadian statutes
- 14.197Unpublished documents in Canadian archives
- United Kingdom
- 14.198UK reference works
- 14.199Periods in UK legal citations
- 14.200UK legal cases
- 14.201UK parliamentary publications
- 14.202UK statutes
- 14.203Publication of UK parliamentary debates
- 14.204UK command papers
- 14.205Unpublished documents in UK archives
- International Entities
- 14.206Intergovernmental bodies
- 14.207United Nations documents