Index
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
L
References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table or figure (fig.).
- l., ll. (line, lines), 14.55
- labels
- vs. captions, 3.21
- in charts, 3.45–46
- in illustrations, 3.7, 3.24, figs. 3.3–4, fig. 3.6
- marked on line art to be redrawn, 3.20
- scaling, 3.19
- on submitted artwork, 2.32
- of x and y axes, 3.44, fig. 3.8
- See also keys to illustrations
- labels for individuals or groups of people, 5.259, 5.264
- labor unions, 8.71, 9.51
- land acknowledgments, 1.22
- “last modified” dates, 13.16
- LaTeX, 3.29, 10.70
- Latin alphabet
- Indigenous writing systems using, 11.50–51
- and IPA notation, 11.24
- languages using, 11.20–22, 11.77
- special characters in, 11.2, 11.23–24, 11.51, table 11.1 (see also special characters)
- See also transliteration and transliterated text; and specific languages
- Latin language, 11.61–66
- abbreviations in, 7.57, 10.8, 10.48 (see also et al.; ibid.)
- capitalization in, 11.61
- italics vs. roman for terms in, 7.57, 10.8, 10.48, 12.77
- ligatures in, 7.34
- prepositions in, 8.160
- for provisional chemical elements, 10.69
- special characters in, 11.66
- titles of works in, 11.61
- word division in, 11.62–65
- See also classical Greek and Latin works; genus and species names; scientific and technical terminology
- latitude, 10.41. See also compass points and directions
- laws and statutes. See legislation
- LCCN (Library of Congress Control Number), 1.38
- le, 8.8
- leaders (several spaced periods), 3.65, fig. 3.17. See also ellipses (punctuation)
- leading, 2.130. See also line spacing
- leaf numbers. See folios
- least, 5.90–92, 5.168, 7.96 (sec. 2)
- leaves, book, 1.5. See also folios; page numbers (folios)
- lectures and lecture series, 8.88, 14.115, 14.164, 14.167. See also speeches
- left or right indents, 2.14
- legal and public documents
- acts and treaties, 8.68, 8.81–82, 14.176, 14.191
- capitalization of, 8.2, 14.173, 14.175, 14.181, 14.191
- constitutions, 8.81, 9.30, 14.173, 14.181
- numbered divisions in, 9.30
- ordinal numbers in, 9.6
- parentheses in, 6.103
- presidential, 8.77, 8.81–82, 14.176, 14.190
- quotations in, 12.18, 12.21
- resources and stylebooks on, 13.3, 14.170–71, 14.188, 14.190, 14.191, 14.194, 14.198, 14.207
- shall in, 5.254
- and vote tallies, 9.8
- See also legal and public documents, source citations for
- legal and public documents, source citations for, 14.170–76
- abbreviations in, 14.175; for cases and court decisions, 14.177–78, 14.180, 14.195, 14.200; for constitutions, 14.181; for international entities, 14.206; for legislation, 14.196; for legislative debates and hearings, 14.186–88, 14.203; for legislative documents, 14.182, 14.201; for UK command papers, 14.204
- acts and treaties, 14.176, 14.191
- Arabic vs. Roman numerals in, 14.46, 14.202
- author-date reference system of, 14.172
- bills and resolutions, 14.184
- Canadian, 14.194–97
- cases and court decisions, 8.83, 14.173, 14.176–80, 14.185, 14.195, 14.200
- Chicago- vs. legal-style citations, 14.192
- constitutions, 14.173, 14.181
- court names in, 14.177–80, 14.195, 14.200, 14.206
- id. in, 13.38, 14.176, 14.180
- indexing, 15.37
- international entities in, 14.206–7
- and loose-leaf services, 14.117
- municipal ordinances, 14.189, 14.202
- note form of, 14.172
- online documents, 14.171, 14.177, 14.200, 14.202, 14.207
- page numbers and other locators in, 14.174, 14.177, 14.184–85, 14.191, 14.195–96, 14.205, 14.207
- private (e.g., wills), 14.118
- resources and stylebooks on, 13.3, 14.170, 14.171
- secondary sources on, 14.192
- shortened citations, 14.176–77, 14.180
- type styles in, 14.173
- UK, 14.198–205; command papers, 14.204; legal cases, 14.200; parliamentary debates, 14.203; parliamentary publications, 14.201; resources on, 14.198, 14.202; statutes, 14.202; unpublished, 14.205
- US: bills and resolutions, 14.184; congressional reports and documents, 14.186; debates before 1873, 14.188; debates since 1873, 14.187; hearings, 14.185; legal cases, 14.178–80; legislation, 14.183, 14.189; municipal ordinances and state laws, 14.189; presidential documents, 14.190; secondary sources on, 14.192; unpublished, 14.193
- unpublished, 14.193, 14.197, 14.205
- legal cases, 8.83, 14.177. See also legal and public documents, source citations for: cases and court decisions
- legends. See captions; keys to illustrations
- legislation
- abbreviations for, 14.182, 14.196, 14.201
- bills and resolutions compared, 14.184
- Canadian, 14.196
- debates on, 14.187–88, 14.203
- formal and generic names for, 8.81–82
- hearings on, 14.185
- secondary sources on, 14.192
- short forms for names of, 14.176
- state, 14.189
- UK, 14.202
- US federal, 14.183
- US state and municipal, 14.189
- See also acts and treaties; copyright; legal and public documents
- length (measurement). See International System of Units; metric system; units of measurement
- length (parts of text)
- of books, 14.52
- of indexes, 15.112, 15.117, 15.132
- of manuscripts, 2.5, 2.58
- in metadata, 1.6
- of notes, 13.43, 13.60
- of quotations, 12.10, 12.25
- of table titles and column heads, 3.55
- lesbian, gay, transgender, 8.42
- less, 5.9, 5.89, 5.91–92, 5.168, 6.50, 7.96 (sec. 2)
- less, fewer, 5.254, 9.20
- let, 5.222
- letter-by-letter alphabetization, 13.69, 15.66–67, 15.69
- letters (alphabet)
- archaic, 12.7
- asterisks standing for, 6.99
- hyphens to separate, 6.81
- for index references to illustrative matter, 15.39
- as letters, 7.15, 7.67
- marking spacing changes between, 2.130
- names of (spelled-out pronunciations), 7.71
- ordinal, superscript, 11.30
- plurals of, 7.15, 7.67–68
- spellings for, 7.71
- uses of: in common expressions, 7.67; for generations, 8.43; as identifiers in classical Greek and Latin works, 14.143, 14.145, 14.148; for illustration parts, 3.7, 3.12, 3.24, fig. 3.4, fig. 3.6; in lists and outlines, 2.25, 6.138, 6.140, 6.143, 7.46; for mathematical variables, 7.53, 7.73; for multiple appendixes, 1.66; for musical symbols, 7.76–80; for notes to parts of tables, 3.80–81, figs. 3.14–15, fig. 3.25; for parts of books, 8.182; for rhyme schemes, 7.72; for same-author, same-year works in reference lists, 13.114; for scholastic grades, 7.68; for shapes (e.g., S curve), 7.70; standing for proper nouns, 7.69; for vessel names, 8.117
- See also alphabetization; alphabets; capital letters; initialisms; initials; special characters
- letters to the editor, 1.103, 1.110, 14.94. See also editorials
- lexicalized signs (ASL), 11.141
- libel, 4.77
- libraries. See archival practices; databases; library catalogs; manuscript collections
- Library and Archives Canada, 1.38
- library catalogs
- alphabetization in, 15.66
- Chinese romanization in, 11.89
- non-English bibliographic terms in, 14.4
- Library of Congress, 1.36, 1.38, 4.49, 11.89, 11.91, 11.93, 11.95. See also Cataloging-in-Publication (CIP) data; library catalogs
- Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN), 1.38
- licenses for copyrighted works
- and Copyright Clearance Center, 1.88, 1.112, 4.99
- electronic works, 4.112–13
- exclusive vs. nonexclusive, 4.36, 4.55, 4.60, 4.75, 4.100, 4.113
- goals of parties to, 4.37
- handling requests for, 4.110
- journals, 1.112
- and non-US publishers, 4.19
- and open-access publishing models, 4.65
- payment for, 4.38
- rights database as record of, 4.111
- and subsidiary rights, 4.17, 4.35
- termination of, 4.39
- universities’ claim to, 4.69
- See also copyright; Creative Commons (CC) licenses; intellectual property rights; permissions; publishing agreements; subsidiary rights
- “life plus seventy” rule, 4.24, 4.26–27
- ligatures, 7.34–35, 11.40, 11.132
- like, as, 5.191, 5.254
- like, compound terms with, 7.96 (sec. 3)
- line art
- charts and graphs as, 3.4, 3.42
- color in, 3.19
- defined, 3.4
- examples of, figs. 3.3–4, fig. 3.6
- publishers’ redrawing of, 3.20
- scaling, 3.19
- See also illustrations
- line breaks
- and em dashes, 6.96
- and en dashes, 6.88
- and mathematical expressions, 7.45
- and nonbreaking spaces, 6.11, 6.127–29, 7.42, 7.44, 7.46, 11.31
- and numbers, 7.42–44
- and proper nouns, 7.42
- in reflowable electronic formats, 6.88, 6.96, 6.121, 7.36, 7.48
- and run-in lists, 7.46
- and slashes, 6.121
- and URLs, 2.16, 6.120–21, 7.47
- See also word division
- line editing, 2.53
- line numbers
- avoiding use of l., ll., 14.55
- in classical Greek and Latin works, 14.150
- format of, 14.55
- notes keyed to, 13.56, fig. 13.5
- punctuation of, 9.56
- in text citations, 12.78
- line spacing
- and electronic file cleanup, 2.85
- for manuscript editing, 2.96
- for manuscript submission, 2.7, 2.10, 2.23–24, 2.26–28
- between paragraphs or stanzas in quotations, 12.22, 12.24–25
- word-processor styles for, 2.87
- lines (rules). See rules (lines)
- lines (text)
- blank, 1.64, 2.10, 2.103, 2.121
- and electronic file cleanup, 2.85
- indentation of, symbols for, 2.103, 2.131
- marking manuscripts for, 2.103
- omission of within quoted poetry or drama, 12.66
- proofreading, 2.121–22
- as text breaks, 1.64, 2.10
- widows and orphans, 2.121–22
- See also justification; leading; line spacing
- linking (copula or connecting) verbs, 5.48, 5.86, 5.97, 5.105, 5.159, 5.175, 6.33. See also be-verbs
- links. See hyperlinks
- lists in text, 6.138–43
- elided, in mathematical expressions, 12.69
- outlines, 2.25, 6.143
- questions introducing, 6.136
- run-in, 6.104, 6.136, 6.139–40, 6.142, 7.46
- vertical: abbreviations in, 10.34, 10.36; as alternatives to tables, 3.52; as block quotations, 12.10; manuscript preparation guidelines on, 2.25; placement of, 2.68; punctuation and format of, 2.14, 2.25, 6.98, 6.136, 6.141–43; vs. run-in, 6.139–40, 6.142
- See also outlines
- lists of abbreviations
- alphabetizing, 1.49
- cross-checking, 2.37
- format and placement of, 1.4, 1.49, fig. 1.8, 2.27, 13.64, fig. 13.7
- for frequently cited works, 12.78, 13.64, fig. 13.7
- when to create, 10.3
- lists of donors, 8.21
- lists of illustrations and tables, 3.39–41
- alterations in, 2.141
- appropriate use of, 1.44, 3.39
- artwork inventory linked to, 3.17
- captions shortened for, 1.44, 3.41
- cross-checking, 2.37
- editing, 2.63
- format and placement of, 1.44, figs. 1.6–7, 3.31, 3.39
- for galleries, 3.40
- illustration credits in, 1.72
- and indexing, 15.32
- manuscript preparation guidelines on, 2.31, 3.17
- placement of in books, 1.4, 1.44, 1.72, figs. 1.6–7, 2.31
- in production checklists, 2.82
- proofreading, 2.120
- submission of, 2.4
- See also illustration credits and credit lines
- lists of special characters, 2.4, 2.19, 2.82, 11.23, 11.99, 11.132
- literary agents, 1.23, 4.18
- literature cited. See source citations
- lithocase (paper-over-board format), 1.80
- little, 5.94, 5.237
- live-stage rights, 4.112
- loc. cit. (loco citato), 10.48, 13.39
- location numbers, in ebooks, 14.59
- locators
- in captions, for parts of illustrations (e.g., above, left), 3.24, fig. 3.7
- in classical Greek and Latin works (see classical Greek and Latin works: source citations for)
- in electronic publications: alternatives to, 2.40, 13.20, 13.117, 14.59, 14.71; database accession numbers, 14.113, 14.157, 14.171. See also hyperlinks
- ff. with, 10.48, 14.47–48, 15.12
- in index entries (see index entries: locators in)
- in legal-style citations, 14.174, 14.177, 14.184–85, 14.191, 14.195–96, 14.205, 14.207
- paragraph numbers as, 2.111, 14.47, 14.174, 15.12–13, 15.109
- See also locators, in source citations; page numbers, in source citations; volumes and volume numbers
- locators, in source citations, 13.20, 13.117
- chapter numbers, 14.8, 14.22, 14.52
- folios, 14.54
- illustration and table numbers, 14.57
- line numbers, 13.56, fig. 13.5, 14.55
- for microform editions, 14.17
- numbered notes, 14.56
- signed signatures, 14.53
- time stamps, 14.58
- See also page numbers, in source citations
- logos, publishers’, 1.21, 1.78–79
- longitude, 10.41. See also compass points and directions
- loose-leaf services, 14.117
- Lord, Lady, 8.33, 15.46
- low lines, 6.99
- lowercase letters
- abbreviations ending with, 10.4
- and “down” style, 8.1
- in index entries, 15.11
- marking manuscripts for, 2.102
- marking proofs for, 2.136
- personal names beginning with, 8.4–5
- proper nouns beginning with, 8.70, 8.155
- See also capitalization; sentence case
- Ltd., 6.47, 10.28, 14.33
- ‑ly, words ending in
- adjectives, 5.163, 7.93
- adverbs, 5.97, 5.163, 5.165, 5.168–69, 7.91, 7.93, 7.96 (sec. 2)
- hyphenation of, 7.91, 7.93, 7.96 (sec. 2)
- lyrics, 4.91, 4.99, 12.3. See also musical works